@article{oai:kansaigaidai.repo.nii.ac.jp:00008053,
 author = {中村, 不二夫 and Nakamura, Fujio},
 journal = {研究論集, Journal of Inquiry and Research},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {論文, ARTICLE, In Present-day English, the number twenty-one is expressed cardinally as twenty-one. In the past, one and twenty and twenty and one were also available. This paper attempts to expound on the ways in which cardinal numerals from 21 to 99 have been expressed since the midfourteenth century to compensate for the paucity of research in this area. Examined corpora are the same as those in Nakamura (2021). Historical variants are included in the analysis of those corpora; for example, 29 alphabetic forms such as þrytty, thriti, threty, thurty and thirty were searched for collecting numbers from thirty-one to thirty-nine.
Evidence shows that, amongst other points, the form of one and twenty was the mainstream in British English until around 1600, while around 1650, twenty-one began to multiply and took precedence over the other variants around 1900. Twenty and one was rare. No example of one twenty occurred throughout the examined periods, perhaps because of its indistinguishableness from modes of time reference. In American English, the examined corpora have maintained a higher percentage exclusively of twenty-one since the founding of the United States than in its contemporary British English. Except for a couple of persons, writers in nineteenth-century America who often used one and twenty were those who were born in the former colonies established by Britain on the Atlantic coast of North America. Their English was, in a sense, a blood relative of British English.},
 pages = {13--32},
 title = {Ways of Expressing Cardinal Numerals in the History of English : From One and Twenty to Twenty-One},
 volume = {115},
 year = {2022},
 yomi = {ナカムラ, フジオ}
}