@article{oai:kansaigaidai.repo.nii.ac.jp:00006059, author = {Shultz, John A.}, journal = {研究論集, Journal of Inquiry and Research}, month = {Sep}, note = {論文, ARTICLE, At a basic level, this article considers the construction of social scientific theory. In particular, drawing from the ideas of Taleb (2007), I examine the place of outliers, or "black swans," in the analysis of a long-standing and evolving social system. Pondering the role of outliers with respect to Japan's most famous pilgrimage, the Shikoku henro, I argue that rare behaviors and/or beliefs either cause pilgrimage theories to fail outright or force descriptions to become so open-ended and vague that they no longer fulfill the function of reductive analysis. I conclude that historical methodologies, though limited in producing a more niversal description, are better suited to preserve the diversity, even extremity, found with respect to pilgrimage.}, pages = {153--165}, title = {Black swans in white clothing : outliers and social scientific theory considered through a case study of the Shikoku Henro}, volume = {100}, year = {2014} }